Fęrsluflokkur: Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl
27.2.2012 | 16:02
Žjóšin veršur aš taka völdin af »hinum rįšandi öflum«
Peningastefnan | |||||
Peningastefnan |
Žjóšin veršur aš taka völdin af »hinum rįšandi öflum« Fyrst birt ķ Morgunblašinu 26. febrśar 2012.
Styrmir Gunnarsson. Žeir sem rįša, stjórnmįlamenn og hįttsettir embęttismenn, vilja yfirleitt komast hjį žvķ aš žjóšir taki sjįlfar įkvaršanir ķ eigin mįlum ķ žjóšaratkvęšagreišslum. Žetta kom skżrt ķ ljós ķ haust žegar Papandreou, žįverandi forsętisrįšherra Grikklands, tilkynnti aš samkomulag viš Evrópusambandiš um ašstoš viš Grikkland yrši lagt undir žjóšaratkvęši til samžykkis eša höfnunar. Žaš varš uppi fótur og fit ķ höfušborgum gróinna lżšręšisrķkja Evrópu og svo fór aš Papandreou var pķndur til aš falla frį žessum įformum. Sl. mišvikudag stašfesti Michael Link, Evrópurįšherra Žżzkalands, sem var į ferš ķ Dublin, ķ samtali viš ķrska dagblašiš Irish Times, aš Evrópusambandiš hefši reynt aš hafa oršalag rķkisfjįrmįlasamningsins meš žeim hętti aš ekki žyrfti vegna stjórnarskrįr Ķrlands aš leggja samninginn undir žjóšaratkvęšagreišslu į Ķrlandi. Įšur hafši Enda Kenny, forsętisrįšherra Ķrlands, neitaš žvķ ķ ķrska žinginu aš ķ Brussel vęri unniš viš slķka fįgun oršalags ef svo mį aš orši komast. Ķ samtali viš evrópska vefmišillinn eurobserver sl. fimmtudag, sagši Margrethe Vestager, rįšherra og leištogi Radikae Venstre ķ Danmörku, aš stofnanir Evrópusambandsins yršu aš sżna ašildarrķkjunum viršingu og hlusta į žau. Ummęli rįšherrans benda til aš hśn telji eitthvaš skorta į ķ žeim efnum. Ķ umręšum hér į Ķslandi um beint lżšręši, bęši į fundum og ķ einkasamtölum, hef ég oršiš žess var aš bęši žeir, sem nś eru ķ stjórnmįlum og žeir sem hafa įšur starfaš į žeim vettvangi, hafa miklar efasemdir um kosti hins beina lżšręšis og telja gjarnan aš žaš yrši fórnarlamb lżšskrums, skošanir fólks yršu keyptar meš fjįraustri ķ auglżsingar og ekki vęri hęgt aš treysta žvķ aš fólk setti sig inn ķ mįl meš višunandi hętti. Ķ grundvallaratrišum snżst žetta um žaš aš »hin rįšandi stétt« og žį er įtt viš ķ öllum flokkum, vill ekki lįta völd sķn af hendi. Beint lżšręši žżšir aš völdin eru fęrš frį kjörnum fulltrśum til fólksins. Gefiš hefur veriš śt upplżsingarit, sem heitir Nśtķmalegt beint lżšręši ķ Sviss og į Ķslandi meš afar fróšlegum upplżsingum um beint lżšręši ķ Sviss. Bęklingurinn er gefinn śt meš stušningi frį utanrķkisrįšuneyti Sviss og sendirįši Sviss ķ Osló. Ķslenzk śtgįfa hans var śtbśin af Evrópustofnun um žjóšarfrumkvęši og žjóšaratkvęšagreišslur IRI ķ samvinnu viš Mannréttindastofnun og Lagastofnun Hįskóla Ķslands. Rit žetta er mikilvęgt framlag til umręšna um beint lżšręši į Ķslandi. Ķ upplżsingariti žessu segir m.a.:
Fjallaš er ķ upplżsingaritinu um žróun beins lżšręšis ķ Sviss. Um žaš segir: »Įriš 1869 leiddi lżšręšishreyfing hins vegar til žróunar stjórnarskrįr ķ kantónunni Zürich, sem gerši rįš fyrir mun meiri žįtttöku. Meš henni voru nż bein lżšręšisréttindi į borš viš borgarafrumkvęši og (valfrjįlsar) žjóšaratkvęšagreišslur innleidd. Kosningaréttur var žó enn takmarkašur og konum var ekki veittur ašgangur aš įkvaršanatökuferlinu...Ķ lok aldarinnar hafši svissneska fulltrśalżšręšiš undirgengist margar mikilvęgar breytingar, sem stušlušu aš beinu lżšręši:
Ķslenzkt samfélag lamast aftur og aftur af stanzlausum innbyršis deilum. Stjórnkerfi landsins er ķ fjötrum margvķslegra sérhagsmuna. Nįvķgiš, sem byggist į fįmenni žjóšarinnar, innbyršis skyldleika, persónulegri vinįttu og žvķ, sem į ensku er kallaš: »old boys network« er rótin aš žvķ aš hruniš mikla varš. Žaš er bara til ein leiš til žess aš rįša bót į žessum veikleikum samfélags okkar - leiš hins beina lżšręšis. Aš fólkiš sjįlft taki hinar endanlegu įkvaršanir ķ žjóšaratkvęšagreišslum og atkvęšagreišslum innan sveitarfélaga. Žjóšin veršur aš taka völdin af »hinum rįšandi öflum« og taka žau ķ sķnar hendur. Viš framkvęmd žeirra umbreytinga į samfélagsgeršinni getum viš margt af Svisslendingum lęrt. Žjóšin veršur aš taka völdin af »hinum rįšandi öflum« og taka žau ķ sķnar hendur. Viš framkvęmd žeirra umbreytinga į samfélagsgeršinni getum viš margt af Svisslendingum lęrt. >>><<< |
Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 28.2.2012 kl. 15:26 | Slóš | Facebook
26.2.2012 | 22:18
Telja Danskir konungar sig ennžį rķkja yfir Ķslandi ?
Peningastefnan | |||||
Peningastefnan |
Telja Danskir konungar sig ennžį rķkja yfir Ķslandi ? Svo furšulegt sem žaš mį telja, héldu Danskir konungar įfram aš skreyta sig meš nafni Ķslands ķ nokkur įr, eftir aš fullveldi ķ landinu fęršist til almennings 17. jśnķ 1944. Hér fylgja meš Dönsk lög um landrįš sem gildi tóku 01. jśnķ 1945. Višaukalög voru sķšan sett 1946. Lögin voru stašfest af Christian X og žessi konungur viršist hafa notaš gamla bréfsefniš sitt meš nafni Ķslands til daušadags 1947. Daušarefsing fyrir borgaralega glępi var ķ Danmörku afnumiš 1930. Eftir lok heims-styrjaldarinnar sķšari var daušarefsing aftur tekin upp og var ekki aflögš fyrr en 1994. Lögunum var ętlaš aš koma fram hefndum į landrįšamönnum sem starfaš höfšu meš hernįmsliši Žjóšverja. Ekki veit ég til aš yfirvöldum ķ Danmörku hafi žótt tilefni til aš hefna Gušmundar Kamban Jónssonar (1888-1945) eins og Danskra žegna, en Gušmundur var drepinn į hóteli ķ mišborg Kaupmannahafnar 05. maķ 1945. Merkilegt mun sumum finnast aš hefndaržorsti valdamanna skyldi vera slķkur aš daušarefsingar voru endurvaktar, en lögin eru einnig merkileg fyrir žį sök, aš žau voru afturvirk og giltu fyrir glępi sem framdir voru fyrir 09. aprķl 1940, žegar Žżšskaland hóf hernįm Danmerkur. Margir vildu aš lögin nęšu einnig til athafna sem framin voru fyrir 29. įgśst 1943, en žį lauk samstarfi stjórnvalda viš hernįmslišiš og rķkisstjórnin, žingiš og konungsveldiš uršu įhrifalaus. Danski valda-ašallinn, sem hafši veriš hallur undir hernįmslišiš, bjargaši žannig eigin skinni. Daušadóma samkvęmt lögunum hlutu 103 menn, en alls voru meira en 13.000 dęmdir fyrir landrįš. Ekki legg ég til upptöku daušarefsingar į Ķslandi, en full įstęša er til aš hugleiša setningu sérstakra landrįšalaga sem vęru afturvirk, žannig aš nęšu til afbrota nśverandi stjórnvalda. Fyrst bśiš er aš virkja Landsdóm meš mikilli fyrirhöfn, er žį ekki rétt aš skapa dómnum nęg verkefni žennan įratuginn ? Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson.
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Lov om Tillęg til Lov om Rettens Pleje vedrųrende Behandling af Sager angaaende Forręderi og anden landsskadelig Virksomhed m.v. Vi Christian den Tiende, af Guds Naade Konge til Danmark og Island, de Venders og Goters, Hertug til Slesvig, Holsten, Stormarn, Ditmarsken, Lauenborg og Oldenborg, Gųre vitterligt: Rigsdagen har vedtaget og Vi ved Vort Samtykke stadfęstet fųlgende Lov:
§ 1 Sager, i hvilke der - alene eller i Forbindelse med andre Forhold - rejses Tiltale efter Lov om Tillęg til Borgerlig Straffelov angaaende Forręderi og anden landsskadelig Virksomhed, behandles og paakendes i 1ste Instans ved Underret, jfr. § 2, efter Reglerne i Retsplejelovens Kap. 80.Efter de i denne Lov indeholdte Regler behandles endvidere Sager, hvori nogen sigtes for forud for Besęttelsen af Danmark den 9. April 1940 at have begunstiget dennes Ivęrksęttelse eller for den nęvnte Dato at have medvirket til Besęttelsens Gennemfųrelse, inden der af kompetent dansk Myndighed blev givet Ordre til Modstandens Ophųr. § 2 Til i 1ste Instans at behandle og paadųmme de i § 1 nęvnte Sager beskikker Justitsministeren et Antal Underretsdommere. Beskikkelsen kan omfatte en eller flere Retskredse. Justitsministeren beskikker endvidere det fornųdne Antal Landsdommere til som Ankeinstans at behandle og paadųmme de nęvnte Sager. Justitsministeren bemyndiges til i Anledning af disse Sagers Behandling at konstituere det fornųdne yderligere Antal Dommere ved Underretterne og Landsretterne. § 3 Justitsministeren bemyndiges til efter Forhandling med Indenrigsministeren at fastsętte, at Underretternes Domsmandslister og Landsretternes Domsmandslister og Nęvningelister for Nęvningekredsene suppleres med et nęrmere fastsat Antal Personer under Hensyn til, at det i Medfųr af Lov Nr. 349 af 22. August 1941 forbudte politiske Parti var udelukket fra Deltagelse i de senest afholdte kommunale Valg. Denne Bemyndigelse gęlder, indtil der foreligger Domsmandslister og Nęvningelister, der er udtaget af Grundlister, hvis Medlemmer efter Afholdelse af Valg til Kommunalbestyrelserne og derefter fųlgende Nyvalg til de i Retsplejelovens § 73 nęvnte Udvalg er udvalgt af disse. Domsmęnd og Nęvninger udtages af de saaledes supplerede Domsmands- og Nęvningelister, saavel til Behandling af de i denne Lov omhandlede Sager som til Behandling af andre Sager, i hvilke Domsmęnd eller Nęvninger skal medvirke. Domsmęnd til Behandling af de i § 1 nęvnte Sager udtages kun for den enkelte Sag, og Udtagelsen foregaar i et Retsmųde, hvor Anklageren og Forsvareren er til Stede. Anklageren og Forsvareren kan uden Angivelse af Grund udskyde hver indtil 4 af de udtagne Domsmęnd, hvorefter de nęste paa Domsmandslisten opfųrte Personer udtages. § 4 Enkeltstaaende Retshandlinger kan, naar den af Justitsministeren til Behandling af disse Sager beskikkede Dommer er forhindret, foretages af en anden Dommer. Sagerne skal fremmes med stųrst mulig Hurtighed. § 5 Naar der foreligger skellig Grund til at antage, at en Person har gjort sig skyldig i en af de i Lov om Tillęg til Borgerlig Straffelov angaaende Forręderi og anden landsskadelig Virksomhed omhandlede Forbrydelser, vil han vęre at fęngsle, indtil Sagen er endelig afgjort, og, hvis han idųmmes Straf, indtil Strafafsoningens Paabegyndelse. § 6 Justitsministeren kan konstituere det fornųdne Antal overtallige Statsadvokater. Til at udfųre Anklagen for Underret antager Justitsministeren efter Overenskomst et passende Antal dertil egnede Sagfųrere. § 7 Som Forsvarer i de i § 1 nęvnte Sager kan enhver Sagfųrer, der findes egnet, beskikkes, men kun de af Justitsministeren i Medfųr af Retsplejelovens § 733 beskikkede offentlige Forsvarere er forpligtede til at modtage Beskikkelsen. Saafremt Sigtede ųnsker en bestemt Sagfųrer som Forsvarer, bųr denne beskikkes, for saa vidt det efter Stk. 1 er muligt. § 8 Til Behandling af Andragender om Anke, jfr. § 9, og Genoptagelse, jfr. § 11, nedsęttes et Ankenęvn bestaaende af en Formand og 6 andre Medlemmer, der skal opfylde Betingelserne for at udnęvnes til Dommer, og som beskikkes af Kongen for et Tidsrum af 5 Aar. Inden for dette Tidsrum kan de kun afsęttes ved Dom. I hver Sags Behandling deltager mindst 3 Medlemmer. § 9 Anke fra Tiltaltes Side kan kun ske, naar Livsstraf eller Fęngsel i 10 Aar eller derover er idųmt, eller naar det i § 8 nęvnte Ankenęvn finder, at sęrlige Omstęndigheder taler derfor, og meddeler Tilladelse hertil. Andragende herom maa fremsęttes for Ankenęvnet inden de i Retsplejeloven fastsatte Frister for Anke. Et senere indgivet Andragende kan dog tages til Fųlge, naar efter Ankenęvnets Skųn de i Retsplejelovens Kap. 86 fastsatte Betingelser for Genoptagelse er opfyldt. Anken kan stųttes paa de i Retsplejelovens §§ 943 og 963, Stk. 1, anfųrte Grunde. Om Anke af de af Landsretten afsagte Domme gęlder Reglerne i Retsplejelovens § 966. § 10 De af Underretterne afsagte Kendelser om Anholdelse eller Fęngsling kan paakęres. Over for andre Kendelser og Beslutninger vedrųrende de i § 1 nęvnte Sager kan Kęremaal ikke rejses. § 11 Genoptagelse af en Sag, der er paadųmt ved Hųjesteret eller Landsret, kan ske efter Bestemmelse af det i § 8 nęvnte Ankenęvn. Ved Ankenęvnets Behandling af Sager om Genoptagelse finder Reglerne i Retsplejelovens Kap. 86 Anvendelse med de fornųdne Lempelser. § 12 De i Retsplejeloven indeholdte Regler finder i ųvrigt Anvendelse med de Lempelser, som fųlger af Forholdets Forskellighed. Justitsministeren bemyndiges til at give nęrmere Bestemmelser om Gennemfųrelsen af de i denne Lov indeholdte Regler. § 13 Honoraret til Formanden og de ųvrige Medlemmer af Ankenęvnet fastsęttes ved Finansloven. Ankenęvnet kan antage den fornųdne Medhjęlp, hvis Lųnning fastsęttes ved Finansloven. § 14 Denne Lov, der ikke gęlder for Fęrųerne, tręder i Kraft straks.
Hvorefter alle vedkommende sig have at rette. Givet paa Amalienborg, den 1. Juni 1945. Under Vor Kongelige Haand og Segl. CHRISTIAN R.
(L. S.)
(L.S. = Locus Sigilli = stašur innsiglis)
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Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 27.2.2012 kl. 10:35 | Slóš | Facebook
25.2.2012 | 12:56
Žorsteinn Pįlsson vanviršir Lżšveldiš
Peningastefnan | |||||
Peningastefnan |
Žorsteinn Pįlsson vanviršir Lżšveldiš. Fyrst birt ķ Morgunblašinu 21. marz 2011.
Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson. Ķslendingar eiga ekki bara ķ efnahagsstyrjöld viš nżlenduveldin, heldur sękir aš okkur hersveit Evrópusinna. Flest ašhyllist žetta fólk framandi hugmyndafręši kommśnismans. Undantekning er lķklega Žorsteinn Pįlsson sem hampar einhvers konar frjįlshyggju į tyllidögum. Hvaš sem lķšur hugmyndafręši Žorsteins, žį vanviršir hann lżšveldi Ķslands ķ Fréttablašinu 26. febrśar 2011. Žorsteinn sękir aš žvķ stjórnarformi sem landsmenn völdu ķ žjóšaratkvęši įriš 1944. Žetta stjórnarform nefnist lżšveldi, sem felur ķ sér aš fullveldi ķ landinu er hjį lżšnum. Ķ stašinn er Žorsteinn aš berjast fyrir stjórnarformi sem hann nefnir žingręši. Žingręši er ekki skilgreint ķ stjórnarskrįnni og raunar ekki nefnt žar į nafn. Ķsland er lżšveldi meš žingbundinni stjórn. Ķ fyrstu grein Stjórnarskrįrinnar segir: »Ķsland er lżšveldi meš žing-bundinni stjórn.« Žessi setning merkir aš lżšurinn fer meš fullveldis-réttinn ķ landinu og aš rķkisstjórnin er bundin įkvöršunum Alžingis. Skipun rķkisstjórna er alls ekki ķ höndum Alžingis, heldur er skipun og lausn rįšherra ķ höndum forseta lżšveldisins. Hvernig Žorsteinn Pįlsson getur misskiliš žessar stašreyndir er eitt af leyndarmįlum alheimsins. Ķ ritgerš sinni segir Žorsteinn:
Af 81 grein nśgildandi stjórnarskrįr fjalla 30 fyrstu greinarnar um verkefni forsetans. Ętlar Žorsteinn Pįlson aš afskrifa stjórnarfarslega stöšu forsetans meš hįšsyršum? Enginn vafi leikur į aš forsetinn er umbošsmašur almennings og hann hefur žaš višfangsefni aš gęta hagsmuna landsmanna gagnvart óžjóšhollum stjórnmįlaöflum. Allir ęttu aš geta lesiš 26. grein stjórnarskrįrinnar og séš aš forsetinn getur sent lög ķ žjóšaratkvęši, en hefur ekki neitunarvald. Viš vitum aš viš įkvaršanir sķnar hefur Ólafur Ragnar eingöngu vķsaš til vilja žjóšarinnar. Enda vęri tilgangslaust aš senda lög ķ žjóšaratkvęši sem ekki vęru lķkur til aš yršu felld. Er einveldi fullkomnara en lżšveldi? Til aš koma höggi į lżšveldiš leišist Žorsteinn śt ķ samanburšarfręši og fullyršir aš beint lżšręši sé ekki fullkomnara en fulltrśalżšręši. Žaš er undarlegt aš gefa ķ skyn aš eitt stjórnarform geti veriš »fullkomnara« en annaš. Öllum einręšisherrum finnst örugglega, aš eina fullkomna stjórnarfariš sé einveldi. Hins vegar er lżšveldi į Ķslandi og viš skulum žakka stofnendum lżšveldisins fyrir žaš. Annars vęri žjóšin nśna meš 1.000 milljarša Icesave-klyfjar į bakinu og eru žó nęg mistök rķkisstjórnar. En aš oršum Žorsteins:
Öll žessi mįlsgrein er višsnśningur į stašreyndum. Forsetinn hafnaši ekki »tillögu rįšherra«, heldur hafnaši hann lagafrumvarpi stašfestingar sem varš samt samtķmis aš lögum. Ķ žeim gerningi fólst engin »pólitķsk andstaša viš lögin«, heldur vitund um andstöšu fullveldishafans - landsmanna. Įlķka gįfuleg er fullyršing Žorsteins, aš žjóšaratkvęši sé ķ Stjórnarskrįnni til aš leysa įgreining forseta og Alžingis. Forsetinn hefur ekki gert neinn įgreining viš Alžingi, hvorki um Icesave né önnur mįl.
Ķsland er lżšveldi meš žingbundinni stjórn, sem merkir aš lżšurinn fer meš fullveldisréttinn og aš rķkisstjórnin er bundin įkvöršunum Alžingis. >>><<< _____________________________________________________________________ |
Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt s.d. kl. 16:49 | Slóš | Facebook
22.2.2012 | 00:29
Kęra: Starfsemi Evrópustofu er margfalt brot į landslögum !
Peningastefnan | |||||
Peningastefnan |
Kęra: Starfsemi Evrópustofu er margfalt brot į landslögum ! Rķkissaksóknari Hverfisgata 6 150 Reykjavķk Reykjavķk 17. febrśar 2012. Varšar kęru į brotum į eftirfarandi lögum:
Fyrir hönd Samstöšu žjóšar, kęrum viš:
Aš auki kęrum viš alla starfsmenn žeirra félaga og stofnana sem nefnd hafa veriš, žar į mešal eftirtalda starfsmenn Evrópustofu: Birna Žórarinsdóttir, Įrni Žóršur Jónsson, Bryndķs Nielsen, Gušbergur Ragnar Ęgisson, Jóna Sólveig Elķnardóttir. A. Vķsaš er til: 1. og 5. mįlsgreina, 6. greinar, laga 162/2006, sem hljóšar svo: III. kafli. Almenn framlög til stjórnmįlastarfsemi. 6. gr. Móttaka framlaga. Stjórnmįlasamtökum og frambjóšendum er heimilt aš taka į móti framlögum til starfsemi sinnar eša til kosningabarįttu meš žeim takmörkunum sem leišir af 2.5. mgr. žessarar greinar og įkvęšum 7. gr. Óheimilt er aš veita vištöku framlögum frį óžekktum gefendum. Óheimilt er aš veita vištöku framlögum frį fyrirtękjum aš meiri hluta ķ eigu, eša undir stjórn, rķkis eša sveitarfélaga. Óheimilt er aš veita vištöku framlögum frį opinberum ašilum sem ekki rśmast innan įkvęša II. kafla. Óheimilt er aš veita vištöku framlögum frį erlendum rķkisborgurum, fyrirtękjum eša öšrum ašilum sem skrįšir eru ķ öšrum löndum. Bann žetta tekur žó ekki til framlaga frį erlendum rķkisborgurum sem njóta kosningaréttar hér į landi skv. 3. mgr. 2. gr. laga nr. 5/1998, um kosningar til sveitarstjórna. B. Vķsaš er til: 1. 5. greina laga 62/1978 og greinargeršar meš lagafrumvarpinu, žar sem mešal annars segir: Orsök žess, aš flutningsmenn flytja nś žetta sérstaka frumvarp, sem varšar einn žįtt mįlsins, er hins vegar sś, aš upp komst nś ķ vetur og liggur fyrir jįtning eins stjórnmįlaflokks, Alžżšuflokksins, aš hann hafi leitaš fjįrframlaga erlendis frį og fįi nś žašan peninga til žess aš kosta śtgįfu blašs sķns og standa straum af annarri stjórnmįlastarfsemi į landi hér. 1. gr. Žį er erlendum sendirįšum į Ķslandi óheimilt aš kosta eša styrkja blašaśtgįfu ķ landinu. 2. gr. Lög žessi taka til stjórnmįlaflokka og félagasamtaka žeirra, svo og til hvers konar stofnana, sem starfa į žeirra vegum, beint eša óbeint, ž. į m. blaša, og einnig til blaša og tķmarita, sem śt eru gefin į vegum einstaklinga eša félagasamtaka. 3. gr. Bann žaš, sem felst ķ 1. gr. žessara laga, nęr til hvers konar stušnings, sem metinn veršur til fjįr, ž. į m. til greišslu launa starfsmanna eša gjafa ķ formi vörusendinga.
Erlendir ašilar teljast ķ lögum žessum sérhverjar stofnanir eša einstaklingar, sem hafa erlent rķkisfang, hvort sem žeir eru bśsettir hér į landi eša ekki.
Brot gegn lögum žessum varša sektum. Fjįrmagn, sem af hendi er lįtiš ķ trįssi viš lög žessi, skal gert upptękt og rennur til rķkissjóšs. C. Vķsaš er til: 1. mįlsgreinar, 41. greinar laga 16/1971, sem hljóšar svo: 41. gr. 1. Žaš er skylda allra žeirra, sem njóta forréttinda og frišhelgi, aš virša lög og reglur móttökurķkisins, en žó žannig aš forréttindi žeirra eša frišhelgi skeršist eigi. Į žeim hvķlir einnig sś skylda aš skipta sér ekki af innanlandsmįlum žess rķkis. 2. Öll opinber erindi, sem móttökurķkiš varša og falin eru sendirįšinu af sendirķkinu, skulu rekin hjį utanrķkisrįšuneyti móttökurķkisins eša hjį öšru rįšuneyti, sem samkomulag veršur um, eša fyrir milligöngu žeirra. 3. Ekki mį nota sendirįšssvęšiš į nokkurn žann hįtt sem ósamrżmanlegur er störfum sendirįšsins svo sem žau eru skilgreind ķ žessum samningi eša ķ öšrum reglum hins almenna žjóšaréttar eša sérsamningum milli sendirķkisins og móttökurķkisins. Greinargerš: Evrópustofa tók til starfa 21. janśar 2012 og er til hśsa aš Sušurgötu 10, 101 Reykjavķk. Viš opnunina fluttu įvörp Oddnż Haršardóttir fjįrmįlarįšherra og Timo Summa, sendiherra ESB į Ķslandi. Nafngreindir starfsmenn eru fimm: Birna Žórarinsdóttir, Įrni Žóršur Jónsson, Bryndķs Nielsen, Gušbergur Ragnar Ęgisson, Jóna Sólveig Elķnardóttir. Samkvęmt upplżsingum į vef Evrópustofu er Evrópustofa mišstöš kynningar og upplżsinga. Hlutverk hennar er aš auka skilning og žekkingu į ešli og starfsemi ESB, žar į mešal kostum og göllum viš mögulega ašild. Samkvęmt sömu heimild er Evrópustofa fjįrmögnuš af Evrópusambandinu. Samkvęmt ummęlum utanrķkisrįšherra Össurar Skarphéšinssonar er stofnun Evrópustofu til komin vegna beišni hans ķ nafni Utanrķkisrįšuneytis aš Evrópusambandiš veiti fjįrstyrk til aš reka Evrópustofuna. Formlega er žaš stękkunardeild ESB sem stjórnar fjįrveitingum til starfseminnar. Śtboš vegna starfsemi Evrópustofu var auglżst 02. September 2010, meš tilbošsfresti til 22. október 2010. Ķ śtbošinu var gert rįš fyrir aš starfsemi Evrópustofu hęfist 01. janśar 2011 og lengd samningstķmans vęri 24 mįnušir. Af óžekktum įstęšum dróst aš hefja starfsemina um 12 mįnuši og žvķ mį gera rįš fyrir aš lok samningsins verši 20. janśar 2014. Verkefninu er svo lżst: Contract description:
Ķ śtbošsgögnum, sem hęgt er aš nįlgast į vefsetri Sendinefnd ESB į Ķslandi er tilgreint aš fyrirhuguš starfsemi styšjist viš EC Council Regulation No 1085/2006 of 17.7.2006 establishing an Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA). Einnig kemur fram aš samningupphęšin sé aš upphęš EUR.700.000 fyrir fyrstu 12 mįnušina, en gefinn įdrįttur um aš samningurinn verši framlengdur um ašra 12 mįnuši og heildarupphęš verši EUR.1.400.000, sem samsvarar tępum IKR.250 milljónum. Žetta fjįrmagn er žó bara lķtill hluti žess sem Evrópusambandiš er reišubśiš aš leggja ķ įróšur svo aš Ķsland gangist žvķ į hönd. Žannig gerši Framkvęmdastjórn ESB žann 08. aprķl 2011 samžykkt (COMMISSION DECISION of 08.04.2011 on a Multi-annual Indicative Planning Document (MIPD) 2011-2013 for Iceland), žar sem samžykktar eru fjįrveitingar til Evrópustofu (EU Information Centre in Reykjavik) fyrir žrjś įr (2011: EUR 10 million, 2012: EUR 12 million, 2013: EUR 6 million). Žarna er Evrópustofu svo lżst: http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/mipd_iceland_2011_2013_en.pdf
Aš auki mį žess geta aš eftirfarandi fyrirtęki sóttust eftir samningi viš ESB um aš starfrękja hina ólöglegu Evrópustofu: B & S Europe, Premisa d.o.o., InWent. College of Europe, Reykjavik University. Congress Service Center, Albany Associates, M.C. Triton, AP PR ECORYS, University of Iceland, God Samskipti PR. EIR Development Partners, KOM PR, Pomilio Blumm, European Movement Latvia. INTRASOFT, HCL Consultants Ltd. Media Consulta International, Athygli Public Relations. SAFEGE, European Service Network, Aspect Relations Publiques, Cecoforma.
Verkefni Evrópustofu varšar mesta deiluefni Ķslenskra stjórnmįla, hugsanlega innlimun Ķslands ķ Evrópusambandiš. Samfylkingin er eini stjórnmįlflokkur landsins sem hefur innlimun sem megin barįttumįl. Utanrķkisrįšherra Össur Skarphéšinsson og fjįrmįlarįšherra Oddnż Haršardóttir, bęši Alžingismenn śr Samfylkingu standa fyrir stofnun Evrópustofu. Žess vegna er starfsemi Evrópustofu greinilega pólitķsks ešlis og ber aš skoša starfsemi hennar sem ólögleg afskipti af innanrķkismįlum Ķslendinga og fyrir žessari ólöglegu starfsemi stendur Samfylkingin. Starfsfólk Evrópustofu er einnig aš brjóta landslög, meš žįtttöku sinni ķ starfsemi sem öllum ętti aš vera ljóst aš er ólögleg. Ętla veršur aš fleiri en nefndir rįšherrar séu vitoršsmenn og liggur bęši rķkisstjórnin ķ heild og Samfylkingin undir grun um žįtttöku ķ lögbrotunum. Sekt starfsmanna Evrópusambandsins er augljós, bęši sendiherrans Timo Summa og stękkunarstjóra ESB tefan Füle. Žetta fólk er aš skipta sér af innanrķkismįlum į Ķslandi. Evrópusambandinu ętti aš vera ljóst aš starfsemi žeirra hérlendis er brot į Vķnarsamningnum. Viš beinum žeim tilmęlum til Rķkissaksóknara, aš kęra okkar leiši til lögreglurannsóknar og aš henni lokinni verši hinir įkęršu sóttir til saka fyrir dómstólum landsins. Žeir brotamenn sem njóta frišhelgi veršur aš vķsa tafarlaust śr landi.
Viršingarfyllst fyrir hönd Samstöšu žjóšar. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson Pétur Valdimarsson _____________________________________________________________________ Skrįsett heimilisfang: Laugarįsvegur 4, 104 Reykjavķk - Netföng: hlutverk@simnet.is / thrastalundur@simnet.is |
Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 25.2.2012 kl. 01:04 | Slóš | Facebook
20.2.2012 | 20:48
Sešlabankinn taldi fjįrmįlastöšugleika ógnaš meš dómum Hęstaréttar !
Peningastefnan |
Sešlabankinn taldi fjįrmįlastöšugleika ógnaš meš dómum Hęstaréttar ! 20. febrśar 2012. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson. Hęstiréttur felldi dóma 16. jśnķ 2010 um gengistryggingu, sem valdiš hafa miklu fjašrafoki fram į žennan dag og munu gera įfram um ófyrirséša framtķš. Dómana er hęgt aš lesa hér: 92/2010 og hér: 153/2010. Dómstóllinn dęmdi gengistryggingu höfušstóls lįna ólöglega. Lagalega voru dómarnir rangir, žótt žeir vęru sišferšilega réttir ķ ljósi žess aš valda-ašall landsins steypti bankahruninu yfir žjóšina. Hęstiréttur felldi dómana į grundvelli laga 38/2001, um vexti og veršbętur. Nišurstöšunni réšu lögskżringargögn, en žau eru ekki tilgreind ķ dómunum nema greinargerš meš lagafrumvarpinu. Žessi greinargerš var undirbśin af žįverandi višskiptarįšherra Valgerši Sverrisdóttur, en mįliš var flutt af utanrķkisrįšherra Halldóri Įsgrķmssyni. Greinargeršin meš frumvarpinu hefši ekki įtt aš gilda til lögskżringar, žvķ aš Alžingi tók enga afstöšu til hugmynda flutningsmanns, einungis til efnis frumvarpsins sjįlfs. Frįleitt veršur aš telja, aš Hęstiréttur dęmi eftir hugmyndum flutningsmanna frumvarpa um innihald laga sem sett eru ķ framhaldi af frumvörpum. Samkvęmt gildandi stjórnarskrį fer Alžingi meš löggjafarvaldiš ķ umboši lżšsins, en rįšherrarnir eru bundnir af įkvöršunum Alžingis (Ķsland er lżšveldi meš žingbundinni stjórn). Rįšherrar eru skipašir ķ embętti og reknir śr stólunum af forseta Lżšveldisins. Vel getur hins vegar veriš aš óskrifuš stjórnarskrį Samfylkingarinnar feli rįšherrum fullveldisrétt žjóšarinnar. Ótti Sešlabankans viš afleišingar af dómum Hęstaréttar. Žegar dómar Hęstaréttar frį 16. jśnķ 2010 lįgu fyrir, fylltist sešlabankastjóri miklum ótta viš aš »fjįrmįlstöšugleiki« hagkerfisins vęri ķ hęttu. Sešlabankinn sendi frį sér »tilmęli« 30. jśnķ 2010 til fjįrmįlafyrirtękja um vaxtakjör į viškomandi śtlįnum ķ kjölfar dómanna. Var Fjįrmįlaeftirlitiš (FME) haft meš ķ tilkynningunni. Hins vegar var FME lķklega ekki haft meš ķ rįšum, žvķ aš tilmęlin hafa ekki ennžį veriš birt į vefsetri FME. Žetta er žeim mun grunsamlegra žar sem FME er ķ tilmęlunum nefnt į undan Sešlabankanum. Sama dag og tilmęlin voru birt, hélt Sešlabankinn fréttamannafund žar sem tilmęlunum var fylgt eftir. Ašstošarsešlabankastjórinn geri žar grein fyrir ótta Sešlabankans viš afleišingum dóma Hęstaréttar fyrir »fjįrmįlastöšugleikann«. Ķ mįli hans kom einnig fram žaš įlit, aš rķkissjóšur hefši žį skyldu aš leggja bönkunum til fjįrmagn, ef gengiš yrši hart aš žeim žannig aš skuldurum yrši hlķft viš hęstu vaxtagreišslum. Ekki er ljóst hvašan Sešlabankinn hefur žį hugmynd aš Ķslendskir bankar séu meš rķkisįbyrgš. Ašstošarsešlabankastjórinn sagši mešal annars ķ inngangsoršum sķnum:
Umbošsmašur Alžingis sendi Sešlabankanum fyrirspurn. Ķ framhaldi af framangreindum tilmęlum, sem margir nefna fyrirmęli, sendi Umbošsmašur Alžingins fyrirspurn til Sešlabankans. Fyrirspurnin var dagsett 07. jślķ 2010 og henni svaraši Sešlabankinn (en ekki FME !) 23. jślķ 2010. Aušvitaš rķkir bankaleynd um žau atriši sem skipta mįli varšandi tilmęlin. Ķ svarinu tjįir Sešlabankinn sömu įhyggjur og įšur höfšu komiš fram, varšandi »fjįrmįlastöšugleika« og įbyrgš rķkissjóšs į bönkunum. Mešal annars segir svo:
Hreingerning er naušsynleg ķ Sešlabankanum. Meš ólķkindum veršur aš telja, aš Sešlabankinn sżni almenningi svona fjandsamlega afstöšu. Sešlabankinn hafši fullkomlega rangt fyrir sér varšandi hęttuna į »fjįrmįlstöšugleikanum« yrši ógnaš. Bankinn hefur heldur enga heimild til aš fullyrša aš rķkisįbyrgš sé į bönkum ķ eigu erlendra vogunarsjóša. Žį liggur fyrir aš eiginfé bankanna žriggja var komiš yfir 500 milljaršar um sķšustu įramót og žeim rįnsfeng į aš lįta žį skila. Dómur Hęstaréttar frį 15. febrśar 2012 um aš samningsvextir skuli gilda į ólöglegu gengistryggšu lįnunum, segir lķka sķna sögu um vanžekkingu Sešlabankans į lögum landsins. Hreingerning er naušsynleg ķ Sešlabankanum sem gert hefur hver mistökin į fętur öšrum. Torgreinda peningastefnu (discretionary monetary policy) veršur aš gera śtlęga og taka ķ stašinn upp fastgengi Krónunnar undir stjórn myntrįšs. Žį getum viš skilaš žeim 1000 milljóršum Króna sem Sešlabankinn hefur tekiš aš lįni. Annaš mikilvęgt verkefni er aš aflétta lįnskjaravķsitölunni af hśsnęšislįnum landsmanna. Vķsitöluhękkanir eru enda bein afleišing af falli Krónunnar og žau tengsl eru aušvelt aš sanna. Fyrst bein gengistrygging er ólögleg, žį hlżtur sama aš gilda um óbeina gengistryggingu sem birtist ķ veršbólgu og hękkun lįnskjaravķsitölunnar. Stjórnvöld mega ekki lengur komast upp meš aš žjóna erlendum vogunarsjóšum og haldiš įfram aš vinna gegn hagsmunum žjóšarinnar.
ķ umboši lżšsins, en rįšherrarnir eru bundnir af įkvöršunum Alžingis (Ķsland er lżšveldi meš žingbundinni stjórn). Rįšherrar eru skipašir ķ embętti og reknir śr stólunum af forseta Lżšveldisins.
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Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 5.3.2012 kl. 09:31 | Slóš | Facebook
19.2.2012 | 15:50
Ólafur Arnarson: Žżfinu skal skila ! - Hvar eru žjófarnir ?
Peningastefnan |
Žżfinu skal skila ! - Hvar eru žjófarnir ? Fyrst birt į Pressunni 16. febrśar 2012. Ólafur Arnarson. Hęstiréttur hefur fellt tķmamótadóm. Meš dóminum įréttar ęšsti dómstóll žjóšarinnar aš eignarréttur einstaklinga er lķka stjórnarskrįrvarinn en ekki ašeins eignarréttur fjįrmįlafyrirtękja, fjįrfesta og kröfuhafa. Žetta eru vęntanlega nokkur tķšindi fyrir Alžingi og rķkisstjórnina, sem fram til žessa hafa gętt žess aš ganga ekki į eignarrétt fjįrmįlafyrirtękja og kröfuhafa en lįtiš sig eignarrétt einstaklinga og hvaš žį skuldugra einstaklinga engu varša. Allir sjö dómararnir eru į einu mįli um aš lög nr. 151/2010 ganga gegn 72. gr. stjórnarskrį lżšveldisins Ķslands. Fyrri mįlsgrein žeirrar greinar hljóšar svo:
Žetta er ekki flókinn texti og ętla mętti aš hvaša skussi sem klöngrast hefur ķ gegnum einhverja af fjölmörgum hįskólalagadeildum žessa lands gęti stautaš sig ķ gegnum hann. Jafnvel ólöglęrt fólk skilur žennan texta. En ekki žeir 27 žingmenn sem samžykktu 18. desember 2010 aš brjóta gegn žessum helga rétti Ķslendinga. Dómur Hęstaréttar skilgreinir oftekna og afturį reiknaša vexti bankanna af ólöglegum gengislįnum sem žżfi. Ķ žvķ ljósi er óskiljanlegt aš žrķr af sjö dómurum réttarins skildu einhvern veginn komast aš žeirri nišurstöšu aš žjófurinn (bankar og fjįrmįlafyrirtęki) eigi aš fį aš halda žżfinu en ekki skila žvķ til fórnarlamba glępsins.
Forhertir rįšamenn. Višbrögš rįšamanna, žingmanna og jafnvel fjölmišla viš dóminum eru undarleg. Steingrķmur J. Sigfśsson heldur žvķ fram aš dómurinn sé óskżr og t.d. komi ekkert fram ķ honum um žaš hve langt aftur ķ tķmann eigi aš endurreikna. Hann var hins vegar ekki ķ vafa um žaš hve langt aftur ętti aš endurreikna žegar hann beitti sér fyrir žvķ aš lögfest yrši aš sešlabankavextirnir skyldu gilda frį lįntökudegi. Dómur Hęstaréttar er kristalstęr. Žaš į aš endurreikna į samningsvöxtum aftur til lįntökudags. Žeir vextir gilda fram til 16. september 2010 er dómur Hęstaréttar féll ķ mįli nr. 471/2010. Allt sem tekiš var umfram samningsvexti fram til žess tķma er žżfi, sem ber aš skila. Steingrķmur stendur hér enn vörš um hagsmuni aušvaldsins og gegn hagsmunum almennings. Žį segir Steingrķmur óvķst um fordęmisgildi dómsins. Žaš var einmitt žaš, jį! Mašurinn heldur greinilega aš eignarrétturinn sé eitthvaš ofan į brauš. Ķ hvaša tilvikum telur efnahags- og višskiptarįšherrann aš žaš stangist ekki į viš stjórnarskrį aš ganga bótalaust į eignarétt fólks?Helgi Hjörvar, formašur efnahags- og višskiptanefndar Alžingis sagši ķ sjónvarpsfréttum ķ gęrkvöldi aš tjón bankanna gęti numiš milljaršatugum! TJÓN? Tślkar žingmašurinn žaš semsagt svo žegar žżfi er gert upptękt hjį innbrotsžjófi og skilaš til réttra eigenda aš innbrotsžjófurinn verši fyrir tjóni? Fréttamašur RŚV talaši um kostnaš bankanna vegna dómsins. Žarna er heldur betur bśiš aš snśa hlutunum į haus. Steingrķmur J. og fleiri halda žvķ fram aš lögin, sem Hęstiréttur hefur nś afgreitt sem gróft stjórnarskrįrbrot, hafi fališ ķ sér réttarbót til skuldara og bętt žeirra hag. Žetta er vitanlega rakalaus žvęttingur vegna žess aš lögin beinlķnis leyfšu bönkunum aš stela peningum af fólki. Žaš kann aš vera aš mikill meirihluti žingsins hafi viljaš ganga enn lengra ķ žjónkun viš fjįrmįlafyrirtękin į žessum tķma en žaš breytir ekki žeirri stašreynd aš lögin brutu stjórnarskrįrvarinn rétt fólks en bęttu ekki hag žess. Nś hefur Įrni Pįll Įrnason greint frį žvķ, sem raunar var vitaš, aš kröfuhafar beittu hótunum gagnvart stjórnvöldum ķ ašdraganda lagasetningarinnar. Žaš stendur žvķ stašfest aš ķslensk stjórnvöld brutu gegn stjórnarskrįrvöršum rétti almennings ķ žjónkun viš kröfuhafa. Geta stjórnvöld ķ einu landi lagst mikiš lęgra? Ašeins žrķr žingmenn į hinum hįa Alžingi böršust gegn stjórnarskrįrbroti rķkisstjórnar-meirihlutans. Žaš voru žingmenn Hreyfingarinnar, Margrét Tryggvadóttir, Birgitta Jónsdóttir og Žór Saari.
Margir mešsekir. Dómur Hęstaréttar ķ gęr stašfestir aš ķslenskir bankar stįlu af višskiptavinum sķnum og skįkušu ķ skjóli stjórnarskrįrbrota löggjafans. Bankarnir voru ekki einir aš verki. Strax hįlfum mįnuši eftir aš Hęstiréttur dęmdi gengisbundin lįn ólögleg ķ jśnķ 2010 sendu Sešlabankinn og Fjįrmįlaeftirlitiš tilmęli til fjįrmįlafyrirtękja um aš nota sešlabankavexti ķ staš samningsvaxta į hin ólöglegu gengislįn. Raunar viršast žetta fremur vera fyrirmęli til fjįrmįlafyrirtękja en ekki tilmęli enda fóru öll fjįrmįlafyrirtęki landsins eftir žessum tilmęlum. Rķkisstjórnin ręddi žessi mįl sumariš 2010. Gylfi Magnśsson, žįverandi višskiptarįšherra, vildi aš rķkisstjórnin setti brįšabirgšalög um aš sešlabankavextir skyldu reiknašir į öll gengisbundin lįn allt aftur til lįntökudags. Jóhanna Siguršardóttir og Steingrķmur J. Sigfśsson voru fylgjandi žessari tillögu og reyndu meš haršfylgi aš fį hana samžykkta. Žaš gekk ekki eftir vegna mikillar andstöšu annarra lykilrįšherra. Eftir forskrift Sešlabanka og FME. Žaš er fyrst meš dómi sķnum ķ gęr sem Hęstiréttur tekur af öll tvķmęli um aš vitanlega mį ekki skerša kjör lįntaka aftur ķ tķmann. Fyrir utan aš byggja dóm sinn į bjargföstum grunni stjórnarskrįrinnar eru greinar ķ samningalögum, sem styšja viš nišurstöšu réttarins ķ gęr. Konungstilskipunin frį 9. febrśar 1798 kvešur skżrt į um gildi fullnašarkvittana fyrir greišslu. Žį eru reglur ESB um neytendavernd, sem viš Ķslendingar erum ašilar aš ķ gegnum EES samninginn, skżrar og styšja dóm Hęstaréttar.
Nś er til nóg af peningum. Viš getum ekki treyst bönkunum til aš endurreikna ólöglegu lįnin śt frį hinum nżja dómi Hęstaréttar. Žaš er įlķka skynsamlegt og aš leyfa innbrotsžjófi aš velja hvaša hluta žżfis hann vill skila fórnarlambi sķnu eša hvort hann vill skila einhverju yfirleitt. Žaš veršur žvķ aš fį óhįšan utanaškomandi ašila til aš sjį um endurśtreikninginn. Bönkunum er ekki treystandi. Viš getum heldur ekki treyst Sešlabankanum eša FME. Hagfręšistofnun Hįskóla Ķslands hefur sżnt sig aš vera annaš hvort vanhęf, gjörspillt eša hvort tveggja žannig aš ekki getum viš treyst henni. Lķklega er best aš fį virta erlenda endurskošendur ķ žessa śtreikninga. Žaš vęri svo ekki śr vegi aš setja tilsjónarmenn inn ķ alla banka og slitastjórnir til aš fylgjast meš žvķ sem žar fer fram.
Verštryggingin nęst. Nś er einnig grķšarlega mikilvęgt aš lįta ekki deigan sķga ķ barįttunni fyrir leišréttingu į verštryggšu lįnunum og afnįmi verštryggingar. Dómur Hęstaréttar ķ gęr var įfangasigur fyrir hrjįša skuldara žessa lands. Verštryggšu lįnin eru nęst og žau veršur aš leišrétta. Įn efa mun verštryggingarelķtan reyna aš etja saman annars vegar žeim sem fengu leišréttingu meš dóminum ķ gęr og hins vegar žeim sem sitja uppi meš stökkbreytt verštryggš lįn. Žaš mį ekki verša. Nś žarf aš hreinsa til og losa kerfiš viš bubbana sem hikušu ekki viš aš brjóta gegn eignarrétti ķslenskrar alžżšu į sama tķma og žeir sungu hįstöfum um aš alls ekki mętti fara gegn eignarrétti fjįrmįlafyrirtękja og kröfuhafa vegna žess aš žį gętu žeir fariš ķ mįl og krafist skašabóta.
Hinir seku beri įbyrgš. Bankar hafa ólöglega gengiš aš eignum fólks og fyrirtękja ķ skjóli ólaganna, sem kölluš eru lög nr. 151/2010. Sumir hafa misst ķbśšir sķnar og ašrir bķla. Fyrirtęki hafa veriš svipt vinnuvélum sķnum og sett ķ gjaldžrot. Allt ķ skjóli stjórnarskrįrbros. Fjöldi einstaklinga og fyrirtękja į hįar skašabótakröfur į banka og fjįrmögnunarfyrirtęki langt fram yfir žęr vaxtaendurgreišslur sem leiša beint af dómi Hęstaréttar.
sem situr eins og klessa um allt ķslenska stjórn- og stofnanakerfiš. Viš megum ekki gefa hrokanum, ósvķfninni og lögleysunni griš. Ekki nś! Aldrei meir! ---<<<>>>------<<<>>>------<<<>>>------<<<>>>------<<<>>>---
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Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 20.2.2012 kl. 20:15 | Slóš | Facebook
18.2.2012 | 22:43
Aristóteles fjallaši um: stjórnarskrį, fullveldi og stjórnarform
Stjórnarskrįin | Peningastefnan |
Aristóteles fjallaši um: stjórnarskrį, fullveldi og stjórnarform. 18. febrśar 2012. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson. Af žeirri brenglušu umręšu um Stjórnarskrįna sem er ķ gangi ķ landinu, gęti mašur haldiš aš hugtök eins og stjórnarskrį og fullveldi hefšu veriš fundin upp eftir sķšustu aldamót. Svo er žó aušvitaš ekki, žvķ aš žessi hugtök eru meira en 2000 įra gömul. Til aš sanna vantrśušum aš ég fer ekki meš fleipur, birti ég hér fyrir nešan nokkrar mįlsgreinar śr riti Aristótelesar (384FX - 322FX), en hann žarf vonandi ekki aš kynna fyrir neinum lesanda. Bókin nefnist Stjórnspekin, (Πολιτικά), en į Enskri tungu nefnist hśn Politics. Stjórnarskrį (constitution) gerir grein fyrir stjórnarformi rķkis og einkum hver fer meš fullveldisréttindi rķkisins og hvernig stjórnarathafnir skulu fara fram. Mikilvęgt er aš stjórnvalds-athafnir séu ašgreindar ķ höndum löggjafarvalds, framkvęmdavalds og dómsvalds. Fullveldi (sovereign power) er óskiptanlegt og ķ höndum eins ašila. Fullveldishafinn getur veriš einn einstaklingur, hópur manna, eša allir einstaklingar rķkis. Žetta skildi Aristótelis fullkomlega, en sama veršur ekki sagt um marga sem tjį sig um mįliš į okkar dögum. Fullveldi hefur ekkert meš aš gera sjįlfstęši rķkis gagnvart öšrum rķkjum. Žaš versta sem menn geta gert ķ umręšu um stjórnarform er aš rugla saman žessum hugtökum. Stjórnarformi (form of government) rķkja er hęgt aš skipa ķ 3 flokka: konungsveldi, höfšingjaveldi eša lżšveldi, en aušvitaš geta nöfn žessara flokka veriš önnur en hér eru notuš og einnig geta śtfęrslur ķ hverju rķki veriš mismunandi. Mikilvęgasti munurinn innan hvers flokks er hversu fast fullveldishafinn heldur um fullveldisréttindin.
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Kaflar śr Politics eftir Aristóteles - Bók III, žżšing eftir Benjamin Jowett.
CHAPTER 6. Having determined these questions, we have next to consider whether there is only one form of government or many, and if many, what they are, and how many, and what are the differences between them. A constitution is the arrangement of magistracies in a state, especially of the highest of all. The government is everywhere sovereign in the state, and the constitution is in fact the government. For example, in democracies the people are supreme, but in oligarchies, the few; and, therefore, we say that these two forms of government also are different: and so in other cases.
CHAPTER 7. Having determined these points, we have next to consider how many forms of government there are, and what they are; and in the first place what are the true forms, for when they are determined the perversions of them will at once be apparent. The words constitution and government have the same meaning, and the government, which is the supreme authority in states, must be in the hands of one, or of a few, or of the many. The true forms of government, therefore, are those in which the one, or the few, or the many, govern with a view to the common interest; but governments which rule with a view to the private interest, whether of the one or of the few, or of the many, are perversions. For the members of a state, if they are truly citizens, ought to participate in its advantages. Of forms of government in which one rules, we call that which regards the common interests, kingship or royalty (konungsveldi); that in which more than one, but not many, rule, aristocracy (höfšingjaveldi); and it is so called, either because the rulers are the best men, or because they have at heart the best interests of the state and of the citizens. But when the citizens at large administer the state for the common interest, the government is called by the generic name- a constitution. And there is a reason for this use of language. One man or a few may excel in virtue; but as the number increases it becomes more difficult for them to attain perfection in every kind of virtue, though they may in military virtue, for this is found in the masses. Hence in a constitutional government the fighting-men have the supreme power, and those who possess arms are the citizens. Of the above-mentioned forms, the perversions are as follows: of royalty, tyranny (konungsveldi); of aristocracy, oligarchy (höfšingjaveldi); of constitutional government, democracy (lżšveldi). For tyranny is a kind of monarchy which has in view the interest of the monarch only; oligarchy has in view the interest of the wealthy; democracy, of the needy: none of them the common good of all. Yfirlit yfir stjórnarform
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Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 19.2.2012 kl. 12:00 | Slóš | Facebook
17.2.2012 | 20:23
Leyniskżrsla Evrópusambandsins frį 09. desember 2010
Stjórnarskrįin | Peningastefnan |
Leyniskżrsla Evrópusambandsins frį 09. desember 2010. 17. febrśar 2012. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson.
Žeirri ranghugmynd hefur veriš haldiš aš landsmönnum aš rķkisstjórn Ķslands sé hvati umsóknarinnar aš Evrópusambandinu. Žessu er alls ekki svo fariš, heldur er žaš Evrópusambandiš sem sękir fast aš innlima landiš og kjölturakkar ESB hlżša einungis fyrirmęlum frį Brussel. Skżrslur frį ESB sżna aš žetta er stašreynd og veršur hér getiš įrs-gamallar leyniskżrslu sem Samstöšu žjóšar hefur nżlega borist.
Skżrslan er dagsett 09. desember 2010 og var gerš aš frumkvęši Maro efčovič, sem er varaforseti Framkvęmdastjórnar ESB og tefan Füle sem er stękkunarstjóri. Skżrslan ber heitiš Ķsland sem umsóknarland og žaš veršur aš teljast merkilegt aš žaš eintak sem Samstaša hefur undir höndum er į Ķslendsku. Staffan Nilsson er skrifašur fyrir skżrslunni sem formašur Efnahags- og félagsmįlanefndar ESB (EESC).
Skżrslan hefst į tilvķsun til leynifundar sem haldinn var į Hilton hótelinu ķ Reykjavķk 08. September 2010. Til fundarins var bošiš heldstu kjölturökkum ESB og ręšumenn voru fulltrśar samtaka eins og Samtaka atvinnulķfsins (Róbert Trausti Įrnason), Samtaka išnašarins (Bjarni Mįr Gylfason) og Alžżšusambandsins (Gylfi Arnbjörnsson), auk fulltrśa rķkisstjórnarinnar (Stefįn Haukur Jóhannesson). Svo segir ķ skżrslunni:
Litlu veršur Vöggur feginn, žvķ aš jafnvel žótt margir séu svo heimskir aš vilja skoša ķ ESB-skjóšuna, žį munu žeir sömu ekki verša tilbśnir aš fórna sjįlfstęšu rķki į Ķslandi, né aš afsala fullveldisréttindum komandi kynslóša ķ hendur valda-ašals Evrópu.
Žess mį geta aš fyrrnefndur Stefįn Haukur Jóhannesson undirritaši aš sögn Brussel-samninginn frį 14. nóvember 2008. Nś kemur ķ ljós aš hann hlżtur aš hafa undirritaš meš ósżnilegu bleki, žvķ aš Brussel-samningurinn er bara ómerkileg nóta, įn undirskrifta og įn auškenna sem gętu veitt plagginu žjóšréttarlega merkingu. Össur Skarphéšinsson laug til um gerš Brussel-samningsins, sem Alžingi sķšan notaši sem forsendu fyrir gerš Icesave-samninganna. Engan žarf aš undra aš hvorki Bretland né Holland vildu kannast viš lygasamninginn frį Brussel.
Hér fylgja į eftir nokkrar mįlsgreinar śr žessari ótrślegu leyniskżrslu:
Žessi stutta śtskrift śr langri skżrslu, sżnir kaldrifjaša įętlun ESB um aš innlima Ķsland. Öllum rįšun er beitt til aš koma böndum į žį žjóš sem landiš byggir. Leitaš er lišsinnis allra kjölturakka ķ landinu, ekki bara žeirra sem er aš finna ķ Samfylkingunni heldur einnig ķ hagsmunafélögum. Einnig mį benda į einstengingslega afstöšu ESB varšandi forsendulausar Icesave-kröfurnar. Geta žeir talist Ķslendingar sem beygja sig undir svona kröfur ? Teljast žaš ekki landrįš aš stefna af rįšnum hug, aš Ķsland tapi Icesave-mįlinu fyrir EFTA-dómstólnum ?---<<<>>>------<<<>>>------<<<>>>------<<<>>>------<<<>>>---
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Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 18.2.2012 kl. 10:43 | Slóš | Facebook
15.2.2012 | 16:52
Correspondence with the Commission of the European Union
Stjórnarskrįin | Peningastefnan |
Brussels, 10.02.2012 MARKT H4/SS/ms Ares (2012)s-163283 Mr. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson Mr. Pétur Valdimarsson Laugarįsvegur 4 104 Reykjavķk Iceland E-mail: hlutverk@simnet.is Subject: Complaint Nr. CHAP(2011) 2011 related to alleged breaches of the EEA Agreement by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Dear Sirs, Thank you for your letter of 20 December 2011. In this letter you come back with the same issues that have already been dealt with in previous correspondence with this service. As indicated to you in our letters of 27.07.2011 and 24.11.2011, the factual and legal circumstances described by you do not show any infringement of EU law by the British or Dutch authorities that would justify a Commission's action pursuant to Article 258 of the TFEU. I therefore confirm that your complaint Nr. CHAP(2011)2011 has been closed.
Yours faithfully, Nathalie de Basaldśa Contact: Silvia Scatizzi, Telephone: +32 229 60 881, silvia.scatizzi@ec.europa.eu
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Commission of the European Union Your: MARKT H4/SS/ms Ares(2011)s- 1367350 Reykjavķk, 20. December 2011
Dear Ms. Nathalie de Basaldśa. We wish to thank for the letter from the EU Commission dated 24th November 2011. Having carefully examined your arguments on behalf of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, we wish to submit following additional remarks regarding our complaint. 1. We understand the political motivation behind your arguments, leading to refusal to acknowledge that the accused states breached Icelands sovereignty, infringed the EEA Agreement, violated international human rights, broke an EU agreement with Iceland and waged an economic warfare against a NATO founding member.
The Brussels Agreement from 14 November 2008. 2. The Brussels Agreement between Iceland and the European Union is a legally valid document, done on a ministerial level. You are right that the Agreement is of a high level political nature which just makes its content more important and completely undisputable. The document is an International Agreement done in accordance with Public International Law. 3. The Commission has not produced any evidence which should hinder the European Court of Justice to acknowledge the factual importance of the Brussels Agreement. The Agreement proves that all parties involved accepted that Icelands unprecedented difficult situation called for unprecedented assistance by the European Union, as well as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. 4. Because of the unprecedented difficult situation of Iceland the European Union promised to continue to be involved and consulted. Furthermore, the European Union as well as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands promised to provide necessary help concerning financial assistance for Iceland, including the IMF. The exact wording of the Agreement is as follows: The acceptance by all parties of this legal situation will allow for the expeditious finalization of negotiations underway concerning financial assistance for Iceland, including the IMF. These negotiations shall be conducted in a coordinated and consistent way, and shall take into account the unprecedented difficult situation of Iceland and therefore the necessity of finding arrangements that allow Iceland to restore its financial system and its economy. The EU and the EEA Institutions will continue to be involved and consulted on this process. 5. Further prove can be given, that the Brussels Agreement was of a high level political nature as well as constituting a legal document under Public International Law. We wish to advice, that on 05 December 2008 the Alžingi (Legislative Assembly of Iceland) passed a resolution based on the Brussels Agreement, stating Alžingis legal position towards the Icesave claims of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Furthermore, the financial arrangements made by Iceland at the end of the year 2008 with the International Monetary Fund were based on the Brussels Agreement. The fact that these important and high profile actions rest on the Brussels Agreement make it abundantly clear that the Agreement was far from being purely of a political nature , as your statement says. 6. It can be firmly stated that the general principles of the European Court of Justice do not apply to the unprecedented difficult situation of Iceland. There exists no doubt that the Brussels Agreement proves that our cases against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are worthy of deliberations by the European Court. One way or the other, our cases will be dealt with by the court. Discretion of the European Court of Justice. 7. We appreciate that you confirm our understanding, that the Icelandic state can on its own undertake action against the guilty states of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, under Article 259 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This will undoubtedly be done, once the country is out of the current unprecedented difficult situation. In the meantime, we as individuals insist on freely exercising our human rights of having our three cases tried before the European Court of Justice and for that purpose refer to Article 258 of TFEU. 8. The European Court of Justice has repeatedly expressed: In accordance with its case-law, the Court may of its own motion examine whether the conditions laid down in Article 226 (169) EC for bringing an action for failure to fulfil obligations are satisfied. Examples:
9. (a) Liability claims against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands will arise from the breaches of these states against Iceland. The enormous damage done to Iceland by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands is in the order of IKR.10.000.000.000.000. This equals about EUR.200.000 per person living in Iceland. One of the consequences of the crimes done by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands is massive emigration from Iceland. Since 2008, yearly emigration from Iceland equals all births in the country. This would equal 10.000.000 people emigrating from the European Union over a three years period. 10. (b) The affected European Community rules involved in our cases are very important. The accused states breached Icelands sovereignty, infringed the EEA Agreement, violated international human rights, broke an EU agreement with Iceland (Brussels Agreement) and waged an economic warfare against a NATO founding member. If this list of crimes is not enough for deliberations by the European Court of Justice, the Court should be abolished immediately. 11.(c) A ruling by the European Court of Justice, against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, will serve as a preventive measure of repeated occurrence. These states will continue their colonial behaviour unless they receive the punishment which they deserve for their grave infringements of human rights. These states have for hundreds of years used force against Iceland, not to mention all other peoples which they have harassed. If these powers are not stopped they will be encouraged by the leniency. Concluding remarks. 12.In view of the proofs that we have provided, it should not be too difficult for the Commission to do a genuine investigation of our cases against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. We refer to our previous letters, whose content does not need to be repeated. We remind that if the Commission is not convinced of the atrocities committed by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, it should consult with the official sources in Iceland, mentioned previously. 13. Summing up our arguments, we accuse the United Kingdom and the Netherlands of:
Refusing to acknowledge these facts will only add to the widespread disillusion amongst the people of Europe about the future of the European Union. Citizens of Iceland. Sincerely. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson Pétur Valdimarsson Laugarįsvegur 4 Lękjarhvammur 20 104 Reykjavķk 220 Hafnarfjöršur Iceland Iceland _____________________________________________________________________ Skrįsett heimilisfang: Laugarįsvegur 4, 104 Reykjavķk - Netföng: hlutverk@simnet.is / thrastalundur@simnet.is ______________________________________________________________________ |
Brussels, 24/11/2011 MARKT H4/SS/ms Ares (2011)s - 1367350 Mr. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson Mr. Petur Valdimarsson Laugarįsvegur 4 104 REYKJAVIK Iceland E-mail: hlutverk@simnet.is Subject: Complaint Nr. CHAP(2011) 2011 related to alleged breaches of the EEA Agreement by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
Dear Sirs,
I refer to your complaint Nr. CHAP(2011)2011 concerning alleged breaches of the EEA Agreement by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
We have carefully examined the additional information provided in your second letter of 25 September 2011. However, our conclusion regarding the requested opening of an infringement procedure remains unchanged. In the Commission's view the information you provided does not show any infringement of EU law and does not justify the commencement of a procedure in European Court of Justice ("ECJ").
In the first place, we would like to stress that the Court of Justice has clarified that the action under Article 265 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union cannot be exercised by individuals against the failure of the Commission to initiate infringement proceedings in accordance with Article 258 of the Treaty (1). In addition, according to Article 258 of the Treaty and the jurisprudence of the EJC (2) the question of whether to bring an action against a Member state is in the "entire discretion" of the Commission. In light of such broad discretion, be advised that the ECJ has consistently refused (3) actions against the Commission for declining to commence an infringement procedure on the basis of a private complaint (Article 265 TFEU).
Our analysis of your additional information based on the relevant EEA and EU law provisions, is the following.
a) General.
In relation to the Agreement of the 14 November 2008 that you mention, we would like to point out that this agreement is purely of a political nature and has no legal effect. Therefore, the Commission cannot take it into account in the analysis of your complaint.
We underline once more that the ECJ has clarified that the existence of an infringement must be determined by reference to the situation prevailing in the Member State at the end of the period laid down in the reasoned opinion. (4) It is therefore outside the Commission's remit to verify a situation that no longer exists.
We acknowledge the jurisprudential development of exceptions to this "general principle" that you address in your letter. We would point out however that there is no proof that any of the exceptions would apply in this case. In particular, there is no evidence that either the Freezing Order of 2008 revoked by the British authorities in June 2009 or the rulings of the Amsterdam District Court of 13 October 2008 continue to produce effects and that any liability claims against these Member States can arise from the alleged breaches. Specifically, we are not aware that the Icelandic authorities governing the Landsbanki Islands winding-up proceedings encounter any difficulty in exercising their rights under the Winding Up Directive 2001/24/EC with respect to the bank branches in London and Amsterdam. On the contrary, we have recently noticed an announcement from Landsbanki Islands stating that the recovery process and the sale of the estate assets are successfully proceeding (5).
b) Landsbanki Freezing Order.
As indicated in our letter of 27 July 2011, the Landsbanki Freezing Order 2008 of the UK Treasury was revoked by Statutory Instrument 2009 N. 1392 of 10th June 2009 and any potential incompatibility of its provisions with EEA or EU law has thus been eliminated. With regards to this point, your argumentation in the additional letter is based exclusively on the premise that the UK has wrongfully used the term "terrorism" and its derivatives in applying it to Iceland and Landsbanki. We stress that this in itself, even if assumed to be true, does not lead to violation of the Directive 2001/24/EC or any other EEA or EU law. Consequently, the Commission cannot conduct any legal proceedings against the UK authorities in relation to this Order.
c) Dutch Court rulings.
As explained in our previous letter, it is the Commission's conclusion that the rulings of Dutch Courts and the information provided by you do not indicate a violation of the principle of equivalence or principle of effectiveness that would require the matter to be brought before the ECJ. Your second letter does not provide any additional relevant information that would require further elaboration of our previous conclusions. We therefore confirm that the action by the Dutch authorities does not indicate any infringement of EU law and can therefore not lead to opening of an infringement procedure.
d) FSA Supervisory Notices.
With regards to the FSA Supervisory notices of October 3rd, 6th and 10th, we agree that the first two notices were rescinded by the Notice of Rescission of 20 July 2010. For the reasons elaborated above we conclude that any potential incompatibility of these notices with EU law has been eliminated and cannot lead to opening an infringement procedure.
We fully agree that the Notice of Rescission has expressly left in effect the requirements of the third Supervisory Notice dated 10 October 2008. However, the content of this Notice requires Landsbanki to take certain precautionary measures in consequence of their breach of liquidity requirements. Specifically, these requirements are to "preserve all information and documents", "deal in an open and cooperative way with the [Financial Services Compensation] Scheme" and to "take reasonable steps to ensure that its agents /.../ preserve such information". In our view, these obligations are in no way contrary to the provisions of the Directive 2001/24/EC which relate to the reorganisation process and measures and the opening and winding-up proceedings. On the contrary, these requirements imposed by host Member State (UK) guarantee that potential future decisions of the home Member State (Iceland) will be recognized and given effect in the host Member State as requested by Directive 2001/24/EC (Article 9).
There is no assertion or evidence that these requirements prevent Landsbanki from accessing its assets in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, since the United Kingdom had decided to compensate British depositors of Landsbanki through its own deposit guarantee scheme, it is only natural that it needed to take reasonable measures to ascertain the amount of these deposits which it did in part through the third Supervisory Notice. In our view, such proceeding has not violated any provision of the Directive. Moreover, the Commission has found no other EEA or EU law potentially being infringed by the mentioned notice.
In view of the above, we confirm that the examination of your complaint does not show any infringement of EU law by the British or Dutch authorities and will therefore not lead to opening infringement proceedings. Should you have further elements that might show the existence of an infringement, we would ask you to provide us with these elements within four weeks of the receipt of this letter. In the absence of such elements, your complaint will be closed within this deadline.
Yours faithfully, Nathalie de Basaldśa (1) See case C-72/90 Order of the Court of 23 May 1990, Asia Motor France v Commission of the European Communities and case C- 247/90, Order of the Court of 7 November 1990. Maria-Theresia Emrich v Commission of the European Communities. (2) Case 7/68 Commission v. Italy [1968] ECR423.
(3) E.g. case 247/87 Star Fruit Co. v. Commission [1987] ECR 291-302.
(4) See, inter alia judgements of 27 October 2005, Commission v. Italy, C-525/03, ECR1-9405, point 14, and of 6 December 2007, Commission/Germany, C-456/05, ECR 1-10517, point 15).
(5) News announcement from Landsbanki Islands hf. - Creditors meeting 17.11.2011. ______________________________________________________________________ |
Commission of the European Union a) The affected Community rules can be considered very important. b) Liability claims against the Member State can arise from the breach. c) The ECJ ruling can serve as a preventive measure of repeated occurrence. 6. In the three cases where Britain and the Netherland infringed the jurisdiction of Iceland and breached the EEA agreement these conditions were clearly met. Not only was one of the conditions met but all three of them. Therefore it is in the interest of the future of European Union that the European Court of Justice finds our cases admissible and reaches a factual verdict. The Commission should not shy away from preparing the cases and bringing them to ruling of the Court. Cross-border banking within the European Economic Area. 7. In cross-border banking within the European Economic Area, reorganisation and winding up of branches of credit institutions is under the jurisdiction of the home Member State. This is firmly established in Directive 2001/24/EC. Accordingly, reorganisation and winding up of Landsbanki branches in Britain and the Netherlands belonged to the jurisdiction of Iceland and not the host Member State jurisdiction. Directive 2001/24/EC states: Article 3. Adoption of reorganisation measures - applicable law. 1. The administrative or judicial authorities of the home Member State shall alone be empowered to decide on the implementation of one or more reorganisation measures in a credit institution, including branches established in other Member States. 2. The reorganisation measures shall be applied in accordance with the laws, regulations and procedures applicable in the home Member State, unless otherwise provided in this Directive. Article 9. Opening of winding-up proceedings - Information to be communicated to other competent authorities. 1. The administrative or judicial authorities of the home Member State which are responsible for winding up shall alone be empowered to decide on the opening of winding-up proceedings concerning a credit institution, including branches established in other Member States. A decision to open winding-up proceedings taken by the administrative or judicial authority of the home Member State shall be recognised, without further formality, within the territory of all other Member States and shall be effective there when the decision is effective in the Member State in which the proceedings are opened. Article 10. Law applicable. 1. A credit institution shall be wound up in accordance with the laws, regulations and procedures applicable in its home Member State insofar as this Directive does not provide otherwise. 8. An infringement of EU law by authorities of Britain and the Netherlands is therefore obvious, since the jurisdiction of Iceland was breached by these states. We present three separate cases where the jurisdiction of Iceland was breached and consequently an infringement was done against EU law. The FSA Supervisory Notices of October 2008. 9. On October 3rd, 6th and 10th of the year 2008, the Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) in Britain issued Supervisory Notices (SN) which effectively put the London branch of Landsbanki into default administration. These Supervisory Notices infringed the jurisdiction of Iceland and were thus illegitimate. They thereby constituted a breach of existing rules of the treaty governing the European Economic Area. 10. On 20th July 2010 the FSA rescinded the Supervisory Notices from October 3rd and 6th but that of 10th October is still in force at this date. Therefore, the General Principle »the existence of an infringement must be determined by reference to the situation prevailing in the Member State at the end of the period laid down in the reasoned opinion« does certainly not apply in this case. The breach by Britain of the jurisdiction of Iceland is still in existence and has not been amended. The HM Treasury freezing orders of October 2008 against Iceland. 11. On October 8th and 20th of the year 2008, HM Treasury of Britain infringed the jurisdiction of Iceland, by issuing Orders called The Landsbanki Freezing Orders (S.I.2008/2668 and S.I.2008/2766) The freezing orders were directed towards: (a) Landsbanki Ķslands, (b) Landsbanki Receivership Committee, (c) Central Bank of Iceland, (d) Icelandic Financial Services Authority, (e) Government of Iceland. The freezing orders were of such enormity that they were directed against the whole Icelandic state and thus the entire Icelandic people. 12. The Freezing orders were based on the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, which is a law established in wake of the terror attacks on 11th September 2001 (9/11 attacks) against the United States of America. This law is explicitly intended to combat crimes of major proportions against the United Kingdom and specifically to meet the threat of terrorism. A dispute of commercial nature with a single bank does certainly not constitute a threat to be fought off by the use of anti-terrorism legislature. The Freezing Orders were in force until 15th June 2009, or in more than 8 months. 13.The United Nations General Assembly has since 1994 used following political description of terrorism: »Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them.« This description of terrorism hardly fits any of the institutions hit by the wrath of HM Treasury. 14. Reference is made to the European Councils Framework Decision of 13th June 2002 on combating terrorism (3), which defines terrorism as described in following points: (a) attacks upon a person's life which may cause death; (b) attacks upon the physical integrity of a person; (c) kidnapping or hostage taking; (d) causing extensive destruction to a Government or public facility, a transport system, an infrastructure facility, including an information system, a fixed platform located on the continental shelf, a public place or private property likely to endanger human life or result in major economic loss; (e) seizure of aircraft, ships or other means of public or goods transport; (f) manufacture, possession, acquisition, transport, supply or use of weapons, explosives or of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, as well as research into, and development of, biological and chemical weapons; (g) release of dangerous substances, or causing fires, floods or explosions the effect of which is to endanger human life; (h) interfering with or disrupting the supply of water, power or any other fundamental natural resource the effect of which is to endanger human life; (i) threatening to commit any of the acts listed in (a) to (h). 15. One must stretch the imagination very far in order to reconcile the HM Treasurys view of terrorism with any accepted definitions. Indeed, we maintain that Britains decision to brand the Icelandic institutions as seats of terrorism is pure fabrication. It is clearly a violation of internationally accepted human rights and comes nowhere close to internationally accepted definitions of terrorism. The application of Anti-terrorism law by one state of the European Economic Area against another state of EEA, can not be ignored but must be thoroughly investigated by the European Court of Justice. Netherlands infringement of the jurisdiction of Iceland. 16. On 13th October 2008 the Amsterdam District Court (Rechtbank Amsterdam) declared emergency regulations applicable to the Dutch branch of Landsbanki. This was done at the request of the Dutch Central Bank (De Nederlandsche Bank) and the ruling was based on Dutch law. The court appointed administrators to handle the affairs of the branch, including all assets and dealings with customers. These rulings infringed the jurisdiction of Iceland and were thus a breach of Directive 2001/24/EC. 17. The illegal administrative proceedings of the Amsterdam Court continued for 18 months, or from October 13th 2008 until 13th March 2010 when the Amsterdam District Court finally decided to lift the emergency application. It took the court this long to discover that the banking license of Landsbanki had not been revoked and that the basis for its ruling was non-existent. It is still to be determined if the ruling was caused by incompetence or deliberate infringement of the jurisdiction of Iceland. Concluding remarks. 18. We have shown that Britain and the Netherlands infringed the jurisdiction of Iceland and thus dishonoured Directive 2001/24/EC. These states breached the EEA principles of free movement of capital and the freedom to provide services. The breach by Britain of the jurisdiction of Iceland is still in existence and has not been amended. 19. We furthermore maintain that the Netherlands took part with Britain in a conspiracy to deny Iceland access to international financial markets. It is documented that these states have used their access to the International Monetary Fund and the European Investment Bank to illegally deny Iceland financial loans and economic advice. These actions are additional breaches of the EEA principles. 20. We have pointed out that the European Court of Justice is not only concerned with implementation of EU regulations, but is also occupied with basic principles which manifest themselves in following three situations:  The affected Community rules can be considered very important.  Liability claims against the Member State can arise from the breach.  The ECJ ruling can serve as a preventive measure of repeated occurrence. 21. The use by Britain of a law called the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, against interests of all citizens of Iceland must be investigated by a competent court of law. The European Court of Justice will surely appreciate the opportunity to rule on the legality of such a grievous act by a member state of the European Union. 22. This letter is an addition to our earlier complaint to the Commission, dated 25 June 2011. As stated in our previous letter, we offer our full cooperation with the Commission in order to bring this matter to a satisfactory conclusion. We stress the importance of our complaint to all the citizens of Europe. Citizens of Iceland. Sincerely. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson Pétur Valdimarsson Laugarįsvegur 4 Lękjarhvammur 20 104 Reykjavķk 220 Hafnarfjöršur Iceland Iceland _____________________________________________________________________ Skrįsett heimilisfang: Laugarįsvegur 4, 104 Reykjavķk - Netföng: hlutverk@simnet.is / thrastalundur@simnet.is |
Brussels, 27/07/2011 MARKT H4/SS/cr Ares (2011) Mr. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson Mr. Petur Valdimarsson Laugarįsvegur 4 104 REYKJAVIK Iceland E-mail: hlutverk@simnet.is Subject: Complaint Nr. CHAP(2011) 2011 related to alleged breaches of the EEA Agreement by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Dear Sirs, I refer to your complaint Nr. CHAP(2011)2011 concerning alleged breaches of the EEA Agreement by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. We have carefully examined the information provided in your letter of 25 June 2011. Our analysis of your complaint based on the relevant EEA and EU law provisions, is the following. The Landsbanki Freezing Order 2008 of the UK Treasury was revoked by Statutory Instrument 2009 N. 1392 of 10th June 2009. Since the contested order has been repealed, any potential incompatibility of its provisions with EEA or EU law has been eliminated. As a consequence, the Commission cannot conduct any legal proceedings against the UK authorities in relation to this Order. It's important to recall that according to settled case- law of the Court of Justice, the Commission, in exercising its powers of monitoring compliance with EU law, has the function, in the general interest of the Union, of ensuring that the Member States give effect to the Treaty and the provisions adopted by the institutions and of obtaining a declaration, of any failure to fulfil the obligations deriving therefrom with a view to bringing it to an end. The Court has thus clarified that the existence of an infringement must be determined by reference to the situation prevailing in the Member State at the end of the period laid down in the reasoned opinion (see, inter alia judgements of 27 October 2005, Commission/Italy, C-525/03, ECR 1-9405, point 14, and of 6 December 2007, Commission/Germany, C-456/05, ECR 1-10517, point 15). It is therefore outside the Commission's remit to verify a situation that does no longer exist. As regards the ruling of the Amsterdam District Court referred by you, we would point out that according to settled-case law, it is for the domestic legal system of each Member State to designate the courts and tribunals having jurisdiction and to lay down the detailed procedural rules governing actions for safeguarding rights which individuals derive from EU law, provided, first, that such rules are not less favourable than those governing similar domestic actions (principle of equivalence) and, secondly, that they do not render virtually impossible or excessively difficult the exercise of rights conferred by Community law (principle of effectiveness) (see case C 129/00 Commission /Italy, ECR 1-14637, point 25). The information provide by you do not show any violation of these principles in connection with the ruling of the Amsterdam Court quoted by you. In view of the above, we regret to inform you that the examination of your complaint does not show any infringement of EU law by the British or Dutch authorities and will therefore not lead to opening infringement proceedings. Should you have further elements that might show the existence of an infringement, we would ask you to provide us with these elements within two months of the receipt of the present letter. In the absence of such elements, your complaint will be closed within this deadline. Yours sincerely, Silvia SCATIZZI ______________________________________________________________________ |
_____________________________________________________________________ Skrįsett heimilisfang: Laugarįsvegur 4, 104 Reykjavķk - Netföng: hlutverk@simnet.is / thrastalundur@simnet.is |
Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 17.2.2012 kl. 10:59 | Slóš | Facebook
14.2.2012 | 23:43
Third letter of complaint to the Commission of the European Union
Commission of the European Union Your: MARKT H4/SS/ms Ares(2011)s- 1367350 Reykjavķk, 18. December 2011
Dear Ms. Nathalie de Basaldśa. We wish to thank for the letter from the EU Commission dated 24th November 2011. Having carefully examined your arguments on behalf of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, we wish to submit following additional remarks regarding our complaint. 1. We understand the political motivation behind your arguments, leading to refusal to acknowledge that the accused states breached Icelands sovereignty, infringed the EEA Agreement, violated international human rights, broke an EU agreement with Iceland and waged an economic warfare against a NATO founding member.
The Brussels Agreement from 14 November 2008. 2. The Brussels Agreement between Iceland and the European Union is a legally valid document, done on a ministerial level. You are right that the Agreement is of a high level political nature which just makes its content more important and completely undisputable. The document is an International Agreement done in accordance with Public International Law. 3. The Commission has not produced any evidence which should hinder the European Court of Justice to acknowledge the factual importance of the Brussels Agreement. The Agreement proves that all parties involved accepted that Icelands unprecedented difficult situation called for unprecedented assistance by the European Union, as well as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. 4. Because of the unprecedented difficult situation of Iceland the European Union promised to continue to be involved and consulted. Furthermore, the European Union as well as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands promised to provide necessary help concerning financial assistance for Iceland, including the IMF. The exact wording of the Agreement is as follows: The acceptance by all parties of this legal situation will allow for the expeditious finalization of negotiations underway concerning financial assistance for Iceland, including the IMF. These negotiations shall be conducted in a coordinated and consistent way, and shall take into account the unprecedented difficult situation of Iceland and therefore the necessity of finding arrangements that allow Iceland to restore its financial system and its economy. The EU and the EEA Institutions will continue to be involved and consulted on this process. 5. Further prove can be given, that the Brussels Agreement was of a high level political nature as well as constituting a legal document under Public International Law. We wish to advice, that on 05 December 2008 the Alžingi (Legislative Assembly of Iceland) passed a resolution based on the Brussels Agreement, stating Alžingis legal position towards the Icesave claims of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Furthermore, the financial arrangements made by Iceland at the end of the year 2008 with the International Monetary Fund were based on the Brussels Agreement. The fact that these important and high profile actions rest on the Brussels Agreement make it abundantly clear that the Agreement was far from being purely of a political nature , as your statement says. 6. It can be firmly stated that the general principles of the European Court of Justice do not apply to the unprecedented difficult situation of Iceland. There exists no doubt that the Brussels Agreement proves that our cases against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are worthy of deliberations by the European Court. One way or the other, our cases will be dealt with by the court. Discretion of the European Court of Justice. 7. We appreciate that you confirm our understanding, that the Icelandic state can on its own undertake action against the guilty states of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, under Article 259 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This will undoubtedly be done, once the country is out of the current unprecedented difficult situation. In the meantime, we as individuals insist on freely exercising our human rights of having our three cases tried before the European Court of Justice and for that purpose refer to Article 258 of TFEU. 8. The European Court of Justice has repeatedly expressed: In accordance with its case-law, the Court may of its own motion examine whether the conditions laid down in Article 226 (169) EC for bringing an action for failure to fulfil obligations are satisfied. Examples:
9. (a) Liability claims against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands will arise from the breaches of these states against Iceland. The enormous damage done to Iceland by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands is in the order of IKR.10.000.000.000.000. This equals about EUR.200.000 per person living in Iceland. One of the consequences of the crimes done by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands is massive emigration from Iceland. Since 2008, yearly emigration from Iceland equals all births in the country. This would equal 10.000.000 people emigrating from the European Union over a three years period. 10. (b) The affected European Community rules involved in our cases are very important. The accused states breached Icelands sovereignty, infringed the EEA Agreement, violated international human rights, broke an EU agreement with Iceland (Brussels Agreement) and waged an economic warfare against a NATO founding member. If this list of crimes is not enough for deliberations by the European Court of Justice, the Court should be abolished immediately. 11.(c) A ruling by the European Court of Justice, against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, will serve as a preventive measure of repeated occurrence. These states will continue their colonial behaviour unless they receive the punishment which they deserve for their grave infringements of human rights. These states have for hundreds of years used force against Iceland, not to mention all other peoples which they have harassed. If these powers are not stopped they will be encouraged by the leniency. Concluding remarks. 12.In view of the proofs that we have provided, it should not be too difficult for the Commission to do a genuine investigation of our cases against the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. We refer to our previous letters, whose content does not need to be repeated. We remind that if the Commission is not convinced of the atrocities committed by the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, it should consult with the official sources in Iceland, mentioned previously. 13. Summing up our arguments, we accuse the United Kingdom and the Netherlands of:
Refusing to acknowledge these facts will only add to the widespread disillusion amongst the people of Europe about the future of the European Union. Citizens of Iceland. Sincerely. Loftur Altice Žorsteinsson Pétur Valdimarsson Laugarįsvegur 4 Lękjarhvammur 20 104 Reykjavķk 220 Hafnarfjöršur Iceland Iceland _____________________________________________________________________ Skrįsett heimilisfang: Laugarįsvegur 4, 104 Reykjavķk - Netföng: hlutverk@simnet.is / thrastalundur@simnet.is ______________________________________________________________________ |
Utanrķkismįl/alžjóšamįl | Breytt 15.2.2012 kl. 09:59 | Slóš | Facebook